{"id":1640,"date":"2018-09-11T12:32:55","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T10:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/?page_id=1640"},"modified":"2025-02-05T14:46:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:46:52","slug":"buecher-und-aufsaetze","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/?page_id=1640","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fccher \/ Aufs\u00e4tze"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hier finden Sie einige meiner Publikationen zur Astronomiegeschichte und dem historischen Instrumentenbau. Die Beitr\u00e4ge sind gr\u00f6\u00dftenteils noch im Buchhandel erh\u00e4ltlich. <\/h3>\n
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\"\"<\/td>\nAuf den Spuren historischer Sternwarten<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Proceedings der Tagung des AK Astronomiegeschichte in der Astronomischen Gesellschaft in K\u00f6ln 2024, Hamburg: tredition (Nuncius Hamburgensis; Band 62) 2025, Der Band ist noch nicht erschienen!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nThe Castle Observatory in T\u00fcbingen – A Unique Ensemble<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen. Reihe: Kleine Monographien des MUT, Ernst Seidl and Michael La Corte (Hg.), Band 10, Museum der Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen MUT, 2020 (ISBN 978-3-9819182-6-7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nDie T\u00fcbinger Schloss-Sternwarte – Ein einzigartiges Ensemble<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen. Reihe: Kleine Monographien des MUT, Ernst Seidl u. Frank D\u00fcrr (Hg.), Band 9, Museum der Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen MUT, 2018 (ISBN 978-3-9819182-2-9)
Vorwort:<\/strong>
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Spoiler<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Wer sich auf die steile Burgsteige Richtung Schlosshof begibt, entdeckt kurz vor dem zweiten Schlossportal rechterhand ein kleines freistehendes Rundgeb\u00e4ude. Mit seinen grob bearbeiteten Sandsteinsegmenten erinnert es beim fl\u00fcchtigen Betrachten an einen Brunnen. Sieht man sich das Geb\u00e4ude mit dem Kegeldach und dem markanten Beobachtungsspalt aber etwas genauer an, so ahnt man vielleicht seine Funktion: es handelt sich um ein astronomisches Observatorium. Gebaut wurde es bereits im fr\u00fchen 19. Jahrhundert unter der Direktion des Astronomen und Geod\u00e4ten Johann Gottlieb Friedrich Bohnenberger (1765\u20131831). Zusammen mit dem im Innern der Kuppel erhaltenen Winkelmessinstrument von Utzschneider & Reichenbach ist dieses Ensemble weltweit einzigartig. Das kleine Observatorium war Teil der ersten T\u00fcbinger Sternwarte, die 1752 auf dem rund 40 Meter entfernten gro\u00dfen Nordostturm des Schlosses errichtet wurde. Dort gab es ebenfalls Beobachtungsm\u00f6glichkeiten, die aber seit dem R\u00fcckbau des Turmdaches in den 1950er Jahren verschwunden sind. Die Schloss-Sternwarte wurde \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von rund 200 Jahren von verschiedenen Astronomen genutzt. Sie ist somit ein bedeutender Teil der \u00fcber 500j\u00e4hrigen Astronomiegeschichte T\u00fcbingens. Einem Astronomen, Bohnenberger, war die T\u00fcbinger Sternwarte ganz besonders wichtig. Er legt den Nullpunkt der W\u00fcrttembergischen Landesvermessung in die Mitte des m\u00e4chtigen Nordostturms des Schlosses.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nFernrohre f\u00fcr jedermann \u2013 die Popularisierung der Astronomie durch Amateurteleskope<\/strong>.
Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Popularisierung der Astronomie, Proceedings der Tagung des AK Astronomiegeschichte in der Astronomischen Gesellschaft in Bochum 2016, Hamburg: tredition (Nuncius Hamburgensis; Band 41) 2017, S. 189-197 (ISBN-10: 3743918102)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nThe Merz Company: a Global Player of the 19th Century<\/strong> – by Jurgen Kost & Gudrun Wolfschmidt in: Ileana Chinnici (Hg.): Merz Telescopes, A heritage worth preserving.\u00a0Springer-Verlag 2017 (ISBN: 3319414852)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nDer Achteckturm der alten T\u00fcbinger Sternwarte<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Baumann, Eberhard (Hg.): Johann Gottlieb Friedrich Bohnenberger, Pionier des Industriezeitalters. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2015, S. 169-175 (ISBN: 3170289608)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nWissenschaftlicher Instrumentenbau der Firma Merz in M\u00fcnchen (1838-1932).<\/strong> Kost, J\u00fcrgen, Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Gudrun Wolfschmidt. Hamburg: tredition (Nuncius Hamburgensis – Beitr\u00e4ge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Band 40) 2015. (ISBN: 3732328856)\n
Rezension von Paolo Brenni:<\/strong>
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Spoiler<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Building the World\u2019s Best Telescopes in BavariaWissenschaftlicher Instrumentenbau der Firma Merz in M\u00fcnchen (1838\u20131932). J\u00fcrgen Kost (Tredition, Hamburg, 2015). Pp. 620. \u20ac 54. ISBN 9783732328857.
This ponderous work by J\u00fcrgen Kost is the first detailed and modern history of the famous Bavarian instrument firm Merz, active for nearly a century and for several decades in the nineteenth century one of the most important makers of large refractors, astronomical objectives, and optical instruments. This book is divided into two parts. The first retraces the development of the firm, and illustrates the activities and role of its owners from Georg Merz to Paul Zschokke. The second part offers a detailed descriptive and illustrated list of about 90 large refractors and 100 large objective lenses made by Merz. An appendix presents a bibliography and various documents related to the activity of the firm. Kost begins with the intricate history of collaboration among Georg Reichenbach, Joseph Utzschneider, Joseph Liebherr, and Joseph von Fraunhofer and their Bavarian workshops. In 1819, Utzschneider and Fraunhofer were partners in their Munich optical institute; they produced their optical glass in Benediktbeuern. When Fraunhofer died in 1826 at the age of 39, Utzschneider had the difficult task of finding his successor. Despite a very short career, Fraunhofer had been the mastermind as well as the emblem of the workshop. He enjoyed international renown, and his instruments were considered among the best of his time. Furthermore, Fraunhofer knew the secrets of optical glass making, a technology he had developed and refined together with the Swiss glass maker Paul Guinand. After much hesitation, considering several possible candidates, Utzschneider finally chose Georg Merz, who had worked in the institute since 1808 as \u201cfirst optician\u201d, and Gustav Mahler, who had worked at the institute since 1820 as chief of the mechanics workshop. In 1829, Merz and Mahler successfully completed the K\u00f6nigsberger heliometer (aperture 16.2 cm), and in 1835 the Bogenhausen (M\u00fcnchen) refractors (aperture 28.3 cm). In 1839, Merz and Mahler became full owners. In the following years, they made some very important instruments, including the large refractor for the Pulkowa observatory (aperture 38 cm). Mahler died in 1845, and Merz became the sole owner of the institute. Georg\u2019s youngest son Sigmund had began to work with him in 1842, and around 1845 the firm became G. Merz & Sohn. Sigmund\u2019s brother Ludwig also collaborated with the firm, mostly as a representative for the business abroad, but his role in the company was less important than Sigmund\u2019s. Between 1829 and the 1880s, the firm was a world leader in the construction of large telescopes and objectives, and equipped most of the important astronomical observatories of the time. On the other hand, their development of photographic objectives and cameras was not particularly successful. Georg died in 1867 and Sigmund owned the firm until 1883 when he retired and donated it to the sons of a younger brother of Georg. Meanwhile, competition from other European and American makers of large refractors (Grubb, Gautier, Clark, Warner and Swasey, Repsold, Steinheil, etc.) as well as from producers of optical glass (Feil, Chance, Schott) grew ever stronger, and thus, Merz lost the predominant market it had held for half a century. Finally in 1903, the instrument maker Paul Zschokke purchased the firm but retained the name G. & S. Merz. A particularly interesting instrument invented by L. Schupmann and developed and sold by Zschokke was the \u201cmedial-telescope.\u201d Its objective was made of a single lens of crown, with correction made by two concavo-convex lens and a concave mirror set after the focus of the objective. Not requiring a large flint lens, the medial telescope gave a better correction of the secondary spectrum. Nevertheless, only a few instruments of this type were sold; the medial telescope never captured the favour of professional astronomers. With Zschokke\u2019s death in 1932, the saga of the famous optical institute came to a definitive end. The second part of this book provides a 150-page inventory of the most important objectives, refractors, heliometers, comet seekers, and medial telescopes made by the firm. For each instrument, the maker\u2019s precise name, customer\u2019s name, dates of order and delivery, key technical data (aperture and focal length), and price, followed by brief descriptions of the instrument\u2019s subsequent history, are listed. Many photos or engravings are included. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to understand whether an instrument is still extant. An appendix includes a bibliography, list of the firm\u2019s catalogues published between 1811 and 1930, list of the glass smeltings completed at Benediktbeuern between 1842 and 1885, and facsimile reproduction of three Merz catalogues for 1832, 1878, and 1900. The bibliography is certainly ample, but the author appears to have focused on primary biographical sources and less on the secondary sources. This book was accepted as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Hamburg in 2014. Much of the existing literature on the history of nineteenth-century German instrumental optics focuses on achievements of Fraunhofer, who has become a kind of mythical father of modern optics. Certainly, his role in the development of this science, in optical glass and instrument making cannot be overestimated. Nevertheless, the premature death of Fraunhofer did not finish off the Munich optical institute. Kost clearly demonstrates how Georg Merz and his successors were able not only to continue Fraunhofer\u2019s tradition of excellence but also to increase the range of their products and to become for several decades the world\u2019s most important and appreciated maker of large telescopes and large objectives. This book thus casts a new light on the history of the Merz firm primarily by analysing, for the first time, correspondence and other archival documents related to the business and to the management of the company (see also Ivo Schneider\u2019s richly documented book on Utzschneider, published in 2014). Kost\u2019s volume will be an essential working tool and an invaluable source of information for historians of optics, optical instruments, instrumental astronomy, and precision industry in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Paolo Brenni CNR, Fondazione Scienza e Tecnica p.brenni@museogalileo.it
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\"\"<\/td>\nHeliometer von Merz<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Astronomie in Franken, Von den Anf\u00e4ngen bis zur modernen Astrophysik 125 Jahre Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg (1889). Hamburg: tredition (Nuncius Hamburgensis – Beitr\u00e4ge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften; Band 31) 2015, S. 331-345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nWissenschaftlicher Instrumentenbau der Firma Merz in M\u00fcnchen (1838-1932)<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen, Dissertation an der Universit\u00e4t Hamburg 2014, [Permalink]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nDie T\u00fcbinger Barocksternwarte<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Der Himmel \u00fcber T\u00fcbingen – Barocksternwarten \u2013 Landesvermessung – Astrophysik. Proceedings der Tagung des Arbeitskreises Astronomie-geschichte in der Astronomischen Gesellschaft 2013. Hamburg: tredition (Nuncius Hamburgensis; Band 28) 2014, S. 155-162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nFernrohr in alle Welt – Die Gesch\u00e4ftsb\u00fccher der Firma Merz<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Sonne, Mond und Sterne – Meilensteine der Astronomie-geschichte. Zum 100j\u00e4hrigen Jubil\u00e4um der Hamburger Sternwarte in Bergedorf. Hamburg: tredition science (Nuncius Hamburgensis, Band 29) 2013, S. 97-103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nDie \u00c4quatoreale der Firma Repsold in Hamburg<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Hamburgs Geschichte einmal anders – Entwicklung der Naturwissenschaften, Medizin und Technik, Teil 3. Hamburg: tredition science (Nuncius Hamburgensis – Beitr\u00e4ge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften; Band 20) 2011, S. 62-77.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nT\u00fcbinger Astronomie \u2013 Bohnenberger<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen u. M\u00fcller Roland in: Seidl E., Aumann P., D\u00fcrr F.: Wunschbild und Weltverst\u00e4ndnis. T\u00fcbingen: Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen 2011, S. 69-99 [PDF]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nWissenschaftliche Instrumente<\/strong>. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Blattner, Evamarie und Wiegmann, Karlheinz (Hg.):Sch\u00e4tze aus dem Verborgenen. Sammler und Sammlungen in T\u00fcbingen. T\u00fcbingen: Universit\u00e4tsstadt T\u00fcbingen 2010, S. 58-59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nJ.G.F. Bohnenberger und seine Mechaniker.<\/strong> Kost, J\u00fcrgen u. Trierenberg, Andor in: DVW Mitteilungen, Hrsg. Landesverein Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg 57. Jahrgang (2010) Heft 2\/2010, S. 60-69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Hier finden Sie einige meiner Publikationen zur Astronomiegeschichte und dem historischen Instrumentenbau. Die Beitr\u00e4ge sind gr\u00f6\u00dftenteils noch im Buchhandel erh\u00e4ltlich.   Auf den Spuren historischer Sternwarten. Kost, J\u00fcrgen in: Wolfschmidt, Gudrun (Hg.): Proceedings der Tagung des AK Astronomiegeschichte in der […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page_fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1640","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","clearfix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1640\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meridiankreis.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}